@Article{ZeriYanCunGibBer:2020:ChTeVa,
               author = "Zeri, Marcelo and Yang, Wendy H. and Cunha Zeri, Gisleine da Silva 
                         and Gibson, Christy D. and Bernacchi, Carl J.",
          affiliation = "{Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais 
                         (CEMADEN)} and {University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {University 
                         of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign} and {University of Illinois at 
                         Urbana-Champaign}",
                title = "Nitrous oxide fluxes over establishing biofuel crops: 
                         characterization of temporal variability using the cross-wavelet 
                         analysis",
              journal = "Global Change Biology Bioenergy",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "12",
               number = "9",
                pages = "756--770",
                month = "Sept.",
             keywords = "agriculture, biofuels, nitrous oxide fluxes, wavelet analysis.",
             abstract = "Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) over croplands are a major source 
                         of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The precise accounting of 
                         sources of N2O is essential to national and global budgets, as 
                         well as the understanding of the spatial and temporal 
                         relationships with environmental variables such as rainfall, air 
                         and soil temperature, and soil moisture. The objective of this 
                         work was to investigate the temporal correlations of N2O fluxes 
                         with soil and air temperatures, as well as soil moisture. N2O 
                         fluxes were measured over four biofuel crops in Central Illinois 
                         during their establishment phase. Measurements were carried out 
                         from 2009 to 2011 using a trace gas analyzer (TGA) with tunable 
                         laser technology. Measurements of concentrations of N2O and 
                         CO(2)were taken at the center of four plots of maize/soybean 
                         rotation, miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus), switchgrass 
                         (Panicum virgatum) and a mixture of native prairie plants. 
                         Cumulative fluxes indicate an average emission of nitrogen via N2O 
                         fluxes on the order of 1.5 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), in agreement with 
                         chamber measurements previously reported for the site. N2O fluxes 
                         were associated with peaks in soil and air temperature, and soil 
                         moisture, particularly during spring and winter thaws. 
                         Cross-wavelet analysis was used to investigate the correlation 
                         between N2O fluxes and those variables. Results indicate that N2O 
                         fluxes and meteorological variables have significant covariance in 
                         time scales ranging from 4 to 32 days. In addition, temporal 
                         delays of 1-8 days were found in those relationships. 
                         Cross-wavelet patterns were similar when relating N2O fluxes with 
                         soil temperature, air temperature and soil moisture. The temporal 
                         patterns of fluxes and environmental variables reported here 
                         support the modeling of emissions and highlight the importance of 
                         considering the timing of fluxes in relation to trends in 
                         meteorological variables.",
                  doi = "10.1111/gcbb.12728",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12728",
                 issn = "1757-1693",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "zeri_nitrous.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "15 maio 2024"
}